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Jojgakarta, one of the downtown residential areas The official name of Yogyakarta is less popular than Jogjakarta or Jogja. It is one of the major tourist destinations in Indonesia and the capital city of the province is in the south of Central Java province. Tugu Jogja or Tugu Golong-Gilig Tugu Jogja is the most popular landmark of Jogja. This three centuries old monument is located right in the center of the crossroad of four major roads. It keeps significant history records of Jogja. The t ugu was built around one year after the construction of Yogyakarta Kingdom. At the early time of its construction, it clearly described the philosophy of the unity of God's creatures that means the spirit of togetherness of commoners and authorities to fight colonials. This monument was also known as Tugu Golong-Gilig or Tugu "spirit of togetherness". The mount Merapi, an active volcano Jogja lies in the ring of fire and has thus repeatedly been struck by

Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey and a transcontinental city, straddling the Bogazi (Bosphorus) one of the world's busiest waterways between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea. Its commercial and historical center lies in Europe, while a third of its population lives in Asia. Known as Byzantium in 660 BC and Constantinople in 330 AD, it served as the capital of four empires: the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, the Latin Empire and the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans conquered the city in 1453 and transformed it into an Islamic stronghold of the last caliphate. The Column of Constantine With its long history at the center of empires, Istanbul offers a bulk of ancient monuments, such as the Hagia Sophia, Topkapı Palace, Sultanahmet cami (Blue Mosque), and Basilica Cistern, which are located around Sultanahmet Square. Hagia Sophia was originally a church, and then subsequently converted into a mosque but currently used as a museum. Tombs of several Ot